9-11 Lesson

2005-11-22T11:35:00.000-08:00

Home Tree Media

When we study subjects akin to 9/11, the study impels students to think about freedom and the beauty of a democracy decided by decision-making processes, open to citizens.

Discrepant Event
Free 9/11 Lesson
Lesson Name: 9/11

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9/11

On September 11, 2001, terrorists from other countries attacked the United States, in the United States. Terrorists hijacked four airplanes. All four airplanes crashed; all the passengers and crew died. Nearly 3,000 people died on September 11, 2001. By 4:00 P.M., September 11, U.S. officials told the world that Saudi terrorist Osama bin Laden probably planned the 9/11 attacks. On October 7, 2001, the U.S. began bombing Afghanistan. President Bush told the nation: "On my orders, the United States military has begun strikes against al Qaeda terrorist training camps and military installations of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan." America went to war, March 20, 2003, against Iraq.

9/11 Lesson, Disciplines: Political Science, Interdisciplinary Social Studies.

9/11 Lesson, Key Concepts:

September 11, 2001, War, Diplomatic Policies, Terrorism, Counter-terrorism, National Interest, Military Response, Homeland Security, Strategic Planning, International Intelligence Agencies.

9/11 Lesson, Problem Statement: Why is America at war with Iraq?

9/11 Lesson, Probable Solution: Open-ended.

9/11 Lesson, (Possible) Student Hypotheses:

1. The Bush administration wanted Iraq's oil.

2. Osama bin Laden hates the Bush family because George's grandfather had some sort of bad family connection with bin Laden; and George Bush Sr. owed Osama money.

3. Americans are fighting in Iraq for Israel.

4. Saddam Hussein had W.M.D.s. Iraq owned chemical and biological weapons; and they were a world threat.

5. The United States went to war with Iraq to help the Saudis, to help the oil companies owned by friends of the Bushes, and to help Halliburton.

6. America attacked Iraq because Hussein plotted to assassinate America's ex-president, George Bush, Senior.

7. The United States went to war with Iraq to bring democracy to the world.

8. America is fighting in Iraq to bring Born Again Christianity to the Iraqi people.

9. Our troops are in Iraq because Iraq attacked America.

10. America has thousands of more troops fighting in Iraq than Afghanistan because Hussein was thinking about attacking his neighbors with nuclear weapons. Hussein was also giving money to his friend Osama.

11. America is at war in Iraq because it would have been harder and more expensive to fight Afghans. Afghans are hardened fighters. Afghanistan is too big and rugged for our sophisticated weapons. Iraq was an easier target, until the Muslim extremists moved into Iraq.

12. The United States had to make war on Iraq because of a Bill Clinton conspiracy.

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9/11 Lesson, Information Sheet:

1. September 11, 2001 On September 11, 2001, terrorists attacked the United States, in the United States. Terrorists hijacked four airplanes. All four airplanes crashed; all the passengers and crew died. Terrorists used airplanes as weapons. Nearly 3,000 people died.

2. September 13, 2001 Osama bin Laden is named, by The White House, as the likely person to blame for the 9/11 attacks by overwhelming evidence.

3. September 14, 2001 President George W. Bush receives authority from Congress: "…to use all necessary and appropriate force against those nations, organizations, or persons he determines planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, or harbored such organizations or persons, in order to prevent any future acts of international terrorism against the United States by such nations, organizations or persons."

4. September 18, 2001 A new rule is used to hold hundreds indefinitely until the USA Patriot Act passes. The Justice Department publishes an interim regulation allowing non-citizens suspected of terrorism: "…to be detained without charge for 48 hours or an additional reasonable period of time in the event of an emergency or other extraordinary circumstance."

5. September 20, 2001 Governor Tom Ridge is appointed a new cabinet-level position, in the Office of Homeland Security. President Bush gives what is called his: 'Either you are with us, or you are with the Terrorists,' address to Congress.

6. October 2, 2001 The USA Patriot Act is introduced in Congress.

7. October 5, 2001 Death by anthrax inhalation happens in Boca Raton, Florida; a photographer for the tabloid newspaper, The Sun, dies. Five people, during the next several weeks, die. Eleven people become infected with anthrax. NBC News, the New York Post, Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) and Senator Patrick Leahy (D-VT) receive letters containing anthrax.

8. October 5, 2001 Uzbekistan receives one thousand soldiers from the U.S. Army's 10th Mountain Division. Uzbekistan borders Afghanistan.

9. October 7, 2001 American forces begin to bomb Afghanistan.

10. October 26, 2001 The USA Patriot Act becomes law. 11. November 5, 2001 Middle Eastern or South Asian people, mostly, have been placed in secret custody since September 11, 2001: 1,182 people, according to a Justice Department announcement.

12. December 11, 2001 The House International Relations Committee writes House Joint Resolution 75. House Joint Resolution 75 states that if Iraq refuses to allow U.N. inspectors to investigate freely in Iraq, the refusal will constitute an act of aggression against the United States.

13. December 17, 2001 The Northern Alliance fights Taliban forces in the battle of Tora Bora, Afghanistan.

14. December 22, 2001 A Miami-bound jet is targeted to be blown up by Richard Reid, a British citizen. Reid is arrested for allegedly planning to use explosives hidden in his shoe. Reid proclaims himself a follower of Osama bin Laden. Reid later pleads to all charges: guilty.

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15. January 29, 2002 In his State of the Union address, President Bush never mentions Osama bin Laden. President Bush tells the world that Iraq, Iran, and North Korea are an axis of evil.

16. February 6, 2002 In a Senate hearing, CIA Director George Tenet denies any failures to stop 9/11: "Our major near-term concern is the possibility that Saddam might gain access to missile material, . . . [and] with substantial foreign assistance, [Iraq] could flight-test a longer-range ballistic missile within the next five years. Tenet tells the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence."

17. February 12, 2002 "With respect to Iraq, it's long been, for several years now, a policy of the United States' government that regime change would be in the best interest of the region, the best interest of the Iraqi people. And we're looking at a variety of options that would bring that about." Secretary of State Colin Powell stated in testimony before the Senate Budget Committee.

18. March 19, 2002 "There is no doubt that there have been (Iraqi) contacts and linkages to the al Qaeda organization. As to where we are on September 11, the jury is still out. As I said carefully in my statement, it would be a mistake to dismiss the possibility of state sponsorship whether Iranian or Iraqi and we'll see where the evidence takes us." CIA Director George Tenet alleged in testimony before the Senate Intelligence Committee. He also stated that there are links between Iraq and al Qaeda

19. May 5, 2002 The United States reserves its option to do whatever it believes might be appropriate to see if there can be a regime change. "...U.S. policy is that regardless of what the inspectors do, the people of Iraq and the people of the region would be better off with a different regime in Baghdad." Secretary of State Colin Powell declared, while appearing on ABC's This Week.

20. May 20-24, 2002 Authorities launch warnings that al Qaeda terrorists might target apartment buildings nationwide, banks, rail, and transit systems, the Statue of Liberty, and the Brooklyn Bridge. "It is not a matter of if, but when, al Qaeda will next attack." Vice President Cheney alerted the world. Homeland Security Director Tom Ridge repeated the al Qaeda attack warning. An unprecedented series of cautions about terror are presented by the Bush administration. Director Mueller of the FBI warns about more inevitable suicide bombings. "Terrorists will inevitably obtain weapons of mass destruction." Says Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld.

21. June 1, 2002 "If we wait for threats to fully materialize, we will have waited too long. We must take the battle to the enemy, disrupt his plans, and confront the worst threats before they emerge." President Bush cautioned in a speech to the graduating class at West Point. In September 2002, the new U.S. policy of preemptive military action is included in a defensive strategic paper, and officially declared.

22. June 4, 2002 President Bush admits failure by the FBI and CIA to work with each other before September 11, 2001. President Bush states that there is no evidence that the 9/11 attacks could have been prevented: "In terms of whether or not the FBI and the CIA were communicating properly, I think it is clear that they weren't…. I have seen no evidence that would have led me to believe that we could have prevented the attacks. And, obviously, if we could have, we would have prevented the attacks."

23. July 30, 2002 "I have seen no evidence of Iraq providing weapons of mass destruction to non-Iraqi terrorist groups." Richard Butler tells the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Richard Butler is a former U.N. weapons inspector from Australia. "More than 10 tons of uranium and one ton of slightly enriched uranium... in its possession." Khidir Hamza tells the Senate Judiciary Committee, speaking on Iraq. Khidir Hamza played a leading role in Iraq's nuclear weapon program, in 1994, before defecting.

24. August 20, 2002 Citing various intelligence reports, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, contends: "The Iraqi government is hosting, supporting, or sponsoring an al-Qaeda presence in Iraq."

25. September 8, 2002 "There have been shipments of high-quality aluminum tubes that are only really suited for nuclear weapons programs, centrifuge programs.... The problem here is that there will always be some uncertainty about how quickly he can acquire nuclear weapons, but we don't want the smoking gun to be a mushroom cloud." National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice states when appearing on CNN. "We do know, with absolute certainty, that he [Saddam Hussein] is using his procurement system to acquire the equipment [aluminum tubes] he needs in order to enrich uranium to build a nuclear weapon." Vice President Dick Cheney states on NBC's Meet the Press. The New York Times, in a front-page story, reports that Iraq tried to acquire aluminum tubes, which, U.S. intelligence supposes, are intended for use in a nuclear weapons program.

26. September 9, 2002 In a report, the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), in London determines that Iraq does not possess facilities to produce material in sufficient amounts for nuclear weapons, and that it would require several years and extensive foreign assistance to build such fissile material production facilities.

27. September 12, 2002 "Right now, Iraq is expanding and improving facilities that were used for the production of biological weapons. . . Iraq has made several attempts to buy high-strength aluminum tubes used to enrich uranium for a nuclear weapon." President Bush declares in a speech to the United Nations General Assembly. He proclaims that the U.S. will work with the UN Security Council.

28. September 18, 2002 The first public hearing of the joint Congressional committee investigating 9/11 is called together.

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29. September 19, 2002 Congress receives a resolution draft from The White House to empower the President to use all appropriate means against Iraq. The draft contains provisions to allow Bush to disregard the U.N. and, use all means that he determines to be appropriate, including force, in order to enforce. The U.N.'s Security Council resolutions defend the national security interests of the United States against the threat posed by Iraq, and restore international peace and security in the region. Naji Sabri, Iraqi Foreign Minister, conveys to the U.N.: "I hereby declare before you that Iraq is totally clear of all nuclear, chemical and biological weapons." Hans Blix, a U.N. Chief Weapons Inspector, informs the Security Council that he intends, by October 15, to position an advance weapons inspection team in Iraq. A resolution advocating multilateral diplomacy is drawn by a group of House Democrats; they develop a coalition opposed to war in Iraq.

30. September 23, 2002 Testifying before the Senate Armed Services Committee, three retired four-star generals alert the Committee saying that a unilateral strike against Iraq without U.N. approval might limit aid from allies, create more recruits for al Qaeda and subvert long-term U.S. diplomatic and economic interests. Support of military force against Iraq is urged by a fourth general.

31. September 24, 2002 The British government contends that Iraq has developed and is developing weapons of mass destruction; the government also claims that Iraq tried to obtain uranium from Africa. The U.S. Senate Intelligence Committee gets a brief from George Tenet on the 2002 National Intelligence Estimate (NIE), on Iraq. In the Tenet document, he adds the British government's charge that Iraq tried to buy uranium from Niger. In February 2002, the CIA had sent Ambassador Joseph Wilson, to Niger. Joseph Wilson had determined the allegations that Iraq had attempted to acquire uranium from Niger, false. Joseph Wilson communicates to the CIA warning the agency to update the British about the intelligence that contradicts the British government's assertions against Iraq.

32. September 25, 2002 President George Bush states, during a White House meeting with Colombian President Alvaro Uribe, that Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden work in concert. "The danger is, that al Qaeda becomes an extension of Saddam's madness and his hatred and his capacity to extend weapons of mass destruction around the world."

33. September 26, 2002 Confirmation of ties between Baghdad and al Qaeda members, including 'bulletproof, solid evidence' that al Qaeda is in Iraq, comes from Donald Rumsfeld, Defense Secretary. Ari Fleischer, White House Press Secretary, concedes: "There is no evidence that Iraq was involved in the September 11 attacks."

34. September 28, 2002 Hundreds of thousands of people gather in London to protest military action in Iraq after the U.S. and Britain introduce a joint resolution that seeks to authorize the use of military action against Iraq in the event that Saddam's regime fails to comply with the new demands outlined in the draft resolution.

35. October 11, 2002 President Bush receives authorization to use military force against Iraq by the U.S. Congress.

36. November 15, 2002 An independent commission, approved by Congress, produces legislation to: …examine and report on the facts and causes relating to the September 11th terrorist attacks and make a full and complete accounting of the circumstances surrounding the attacks.

37. November 18, 2002 In Baghdad, a team of 26 U.N. weapons inspectors arrives.

38. November 20, 2002 "Saddam Hussein has been given a very short time to declare completely and truthfully, his arsenal of terror." President Bush states, for a NATO Summit in Prague.

39. November 25, 2002 Tom Ridge is promoted to Secretary of Homeland Security. Except for the FBI and CIA, the Department consolidates its services.

40. December 2, 2002 Vice President Dick Cheney, in a speech to the Air National Guard Senior Leadership Conference in Denver, charges Saddam Hussein with: "…harboring terrorists and the instruments of terror, and that …Iraq has had high-level contacts with al Qaeda going back a decade and has provided training to al Qaeda terrorists."

41. December 3, 2002 Iraq has no weapons of mass destruction in the country, Iraq claims again. "He [Saddam Hussein] says he won't have weapons of mass destruction; he's got them." President Bush argues.

42. December 5, 2002 "What we're getting and what President Bush may be getting is very different, to put it mildly." Demetrius Perricos says. Perricos is the head of the team searching Iraq for chemical and biological weapons. Perricos disapproves of Washington's pressure on the teams' assessment, and wonders why the Bush administration rejects the sharing of its intelligence with the inspectors.

43. December 6, 2002 "Of course we would like to have as much information from any member state as to evidence they may have on weapons of mass destruction, and, in particular, sites." Hans Blix, U.N. chief weapons inspector, asks the U.S. to share its secret intelligence.

44. December 7, 2002 We declared that Iraq is empty of weapons of mass destruction. Iraq submits to the U.N. General Hussam Amin, the officer in charge of Iraq's National Monitoring Directorate, an 11,807-page declaration of military and civilian chemical, biological, and nuclear capabilities.

45. December 20, 2002 Hans Blix, the U.N. chief weapons inspector, faults the U.S., and British governments for departing from the needed intelligence to inspect and to locate suspected arsenals of banned weapons in Iraq.

46. December 22, 2002 The interview of Iraqi scientists without government officials present is declared by Iraq.

47. December 31, 2002 Kofi Annan, the United Nations Secretary General, states in an interview: "Saddam's government is cooperating with U.N. weapons inspectors." Kofi Annan says: "I see no reason for the use of force against Iraq."

48. January 6, 2003 Mohamed El Baradei, IAEA Director, states that his inspection teams have yet to find a smoking gun. El Baradei states: "I think we need still a few months before we can reach that conclusion. We haven't seen a smoking gun, but we still have a lot of work to do before we come to the conclusion that Iraq is clean."

49. January 8, 2003 The Prime Minister has made it clear that, unless there is a smoking gun, the inspectors have to be given time to keep searching. Britain urges the Bush administration to hold off its planned invasion of Iraq. A senior source in the British government tells the London Telegraph.

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50. January 9, 2003 No evidence of ongoing prohibited nuclear or nuclear-related activities has been detected, although not all of the laboratory results of sample analysis are yet available. The IAEA states in a preliminary report submitted a to the U.N. Security Council. Hans Blix, a U.N. Chief Weapons Inspector, states: "UNMOVIC inspectors say they have yet to uncover evidence indicating that Iraq has resumed its production of weapons of mass destruction. We have now been there for some two months and been covering the country in ever wider sweeps and we haven't found any smoking guns." Ari Fleischer, White House Press Secretary alleged during his daily press briefing: "We know for a fact that there are weapons there."

51. January 22, 2003 We have found no evidence of collaboration between al Qaeda and Iraq. The United Nations panel in charge of monitoring sanctions against the al Qaeda network states. German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder and French President Jacques Chirac declare during a joint press conference, that they will work together to oppose the Bush administration's plan to invade Iraq. A request from the Bush administration for military assistance from NATO is rejected.

52. January 28, 2003 "The British government has learned that Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa." President Bush states in his State of the Union address.

53. January 29, 2003 "Saddam's regime has the design for a nuclear weapon; it was working on several different methods of enriching uranium, and recently was discovered seeking significant quantities of uranium from Africa." Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld states.

54. February 5, 2003 We cannot confirm these reports and have questions regarding some specific claims. The State Department includes that caution with the Niger documents. The head of the U.N. Iraq Nuclear Verification office, nuclear scientist Jacques Bautes, agrees that the Niger documents are forgeries.

55. February 15, 2003 All over the world people, protest the war in Iraq. Close to 1.3 million people assemble in cities to demonstrate.

56. February 24, 200v3 Iraq is declared in further material breach of previous U.N. resolutions. The United States, Britain, and Spain offer a second draft resolution to the U.N. An alternative plan comes from France, Russia, and Germany; it intends to reach diplomatic arms neutralization using inspections that are more rigorous.

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57. February 27, 2003 Iraq consents to demolish all of its Al Samoud equipment related to its missile program.

58. February 28, 2003 Hans Blix, chief weapons inspector, reports to U.N. Security Council members: "There is no evidence that Iraq has weapons of mass destruction or that is has any programs to develop such weapons."

59. March 6, 2003 President Bush will call for a vote in the U.N. Security Council, regardless of the anticipated vote. "When it becomes apparent that a resolution will not pass, however, eleven days later." President Bush announces that the U.S. will not call for a vote, saying during a televised national press conference: "The United Nations Security Council has not lived up to its responsibilities, so we will rise to ours."

60. March 10, 2003 "I cannot in good conscience support President Bush's war plans against Iraq." A career diplomat of 22 years, John Brown states. Brown submits his letter of resignation. Two weeks before Brown's resignation, John Brady Kiesling, resigned. Mary Wright, a third diplomat, resigns a week later.

61. March 18, 2003 "The U.S. will begin military action, at a time of our choosing." President Bush states. President Bush allots Saddam Hussein, in a televised speech, 48 hours to move out of Iraq.

62. March 20, 2003 Baghdad is bombed 90 minutes after President Bush 's 48-hour deadline expires. President Bush pronounces an attack of opportunity against specified targets in Iraq. The Iraq incursion includes troops from the United States, Britain, Australia, and Poland.

63. March 22, 2003 "Baghdad receives 'shock and awe' air strikes. There is no doubt that the regime of Saddam Hussein possesses weapons of mass destruction. As this operation continues, those weapons will be identified, found, along with the people who have produced them and who guard them," says Gen. Tommy Franks, commander of the U.S. Central Command, during a news conference in Qatar.

64. March 27, 2003 "There's a lot of money to pay for this that doesn't have to be U.S. taxpayer money, and it starts with the assets of the Iraqi people…. On a rough recollection, the oil revenues of that country could bring between $50 billion and $100 billion over the course of the next two or three years." Paul Wolfowitz, the Deputy Defense Secretary the House Appropriations Committee states. "Iraq's oil wealth will help fund post-war reconstruction."

65. April 19, 2003 Baghdad falls to U.S. forces. At a checkpoint, the U.S., in the northern city of Mosul takes a trailer under control. The trailer is a mobile biological weapons lab, the government claims. A trailer similar the one found in Mosul is discovered, May 9. 66. May 1, 2003 President Bush declares that major combat operations in Iraq are over, in a speech from the deck of the aircraft carrier U.S.S. Lincoln.

67. May 6, 2003 Joseph Wilson's February 2002 trip to Niger is published in New York Times. Nicholas Kristof, a columnist cites unnamed sources, about the breaking story of the former U.S. diplomat and his report to the CIA and FBI. Later, it is made known that the major source for the story is Joseph Wilson.

68. May 28, 2003 The strongest evidence to date that Iraq was hiding a biological warfare program, is the deduction made in a CIA and Defense Intelligence Agency [DIA] in a 6-page white paper, about Iraqi Mobile Biological Warfare Agent Production Plants.

69. May 29, 2003 "We found the weapons of mass destruction. We found biological laboratories." President Bush asserts in an interview with Polish TV station.

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70. June 1, 2003 "Yes, we found a biological laboratory in Iraq, which the U.N. prohibited." President Bush says in St. Petersburg, Russia, responding to a question from an American reporter.

71. June 2, 2003 Intelligence did not support the conclusion of the joint CIA-DIA, May 28 white paper, which concluded that the two trailers found in Iraq were mobile biological weapon factories. The State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research writes in a classified memo addressed to Colin Powell.

72. June 8, 2003 The two trailers found in northern Iraq — which the Bush administration continues to insist are mobile biological weapon factories — are parts of a mobile system to produce hydrogen for weather balloons. U.S. and British intelligence experts conclude.

73. July 6, 2003 The New York Times publishes an op-ed piece describing in detail Joseph Wilson's 2002 visit to Niger, written by the former ambassador Joseph Wilson.

74. July 7, 2003 We now know that documents alleging a transaction between Iraq and Niger had been forged…. The other reporting that suggested Iraq had tried to obtain uranium from Africa is not detailed or specific enough for us to be certain that such attempts were in fact made. The White House states. President Bush's assertion in his State of the Union address that Iraq had endeavored to obtain uranium from Africa came from forged documents.

75. July 14, 2003 Journalist Robert Novak exposes Valerie Plame, the wife of the retired diplomat Joseph C. Wilson the author of the Niger document, as a secret CIA operative when he publishes an article. Novak conceals the informant's name.

76. July 24, 2003 The independent 9/11 commission: The reason this report was delayed for so long — deliberately opposed at first, then slow-walked after it was created — is that the administration wanted to get the war in Iraq in and over ... before (it) came out. The independent 9/11 commission releases the declassified portion of an 800-page report on findings coming from its investigation of the September 11 attacks. United Press International reports that Commissioner Max Cleland believes that the White House had delayed the publishing of the report for fear that it might undermine its case for war.

77. August 1, 2003 "I'm not sure even now that I would say Iraq had something to do with it [9/11]." Paul Wolfowitz, Assistant Defense Secretary, states in an interview with Nancy Collins.

78. September 25, 2003 Representatives Porter Goss (R-FL) and Jane Harman (D-CA), Chairman and Ranking Democrat of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, state in a letter to CIA Director George Tenet: After spending, four months combing through 19 volumes of classified material, that intelligence was too fragmentary and sporadic to conclude that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction and ties to al Qaeda. Representatives Porter Goss and Jane Harman assess the agency for using poor intelligence on Iraq during the months leading up to the Iraqi attack.

79. September 29, 2003 Attorney General John Ashcroft is requested to investigate the Bush administration's conduct in the disclosure of CIA Valerie Plame's name to journalist Robert Novak.

80. November 1, 2003 "Al Qaeda, according to the CIA and the Pentagon, is reconstituting itself. In fact, every Middle East and Muslim affairs expert is saying that al Qaeda's ranks will be fattened by new recruits right now and will have more of them when the United States attacks Iraq." Youssef M. Ibrahim, a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, in an op-ed piece for The International Herald Tribune informed readers.

81. November 15, 2003 An accelerated timetable for transferring the country to Iraqi control is disclosed by the Iraqi Governing Council.

82. November 21, 2003 "Britain's MI6 intelligence agency had engaged in a public relations program, Operation Mass Appeal, to plant stories in the news media that exaggerated claims of Iraq's weapons of mass destruction," says Scott Ritter, a former U.S. Marine intelligence officer who served as U.N. chief weapons inspector in Iraq from 1991-1998, in the U.K. House of Commons. 83. December 13, 2003 President Saddam Hussein is taken into custody by U.S. 4th Infantry Division. Since the U.S. invasion, hundreds of mass graves have been uncovered in Iraq, evidence of the brutal methods that Saddam employed to maintain his grip on power.

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84. January 8, 2004 "I have not seen a smoking gun, concrete evidence about the connection [between the Saddam regime and al Qaeda], but I think the possibility of such connections did exist and it was prudent to consider them at the time that we did." Secretary of State Colin Powell declares.

85. January 17, 2004 The Iraqi war reaches the 500 number of U.S. soldiers killed.

86. January 28, 2004 "No weapons of mass destruction have been found in Iraq and that prewar intelligence was almost all wrong about Saddam Hussein's arsenal." The former head of the U.S. weapons inspection teams in Iraq David Kay enlightens a Senate committee.

87. February 2, 2004 An independent commission to study America's intelligence breakdown is called for by President Bush.

88. February 19, 2004 "Elections cannot be held before the end of June; the June 30 date for the handover of sovereignty must be respected, and we need to find a mechanism to create the caretaker government and then prepare the elections sometime later in the future." The U.N. Secretary General Kofi Anan deduces about Iraq.

89. April 15, 2004 A caretaker government is settled on by the Bush administration in a U.N. proposal. The caretaker government will substitute the Iraqi Governing Council when the U.S. returns sovereignty to Iraqis on June 30.

90. May 20, 2004 The Pentagon had ended a program, two weeks earlier, in which it had funneled millions of dollars to the Iraqi National Congress in return for intelligence about Saddam's alleged weapons of mass destruction programs. The Pentagon's choice to run postwar Iraq, Ahmed Chalabi, head of the INC and a member of the Iraqi Governing Council receives a raid by Iraqi police and U.S. military personnel. Chalabi says that the raids are revenge for his resistance to the Bush administration's organization of Iraq. The Iraqi police and U.S. military personnel also raid the offices of the Iraqi National Congress (INC). The Coalition Provisional Authority reveals that the raids are to investigate pay-off within the U.N. oil-for-food program.

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91. June 2, 2004 The New York Times reports that Ahmed Chalabi, head of the Iraqi National Congress, had leaked information to Iran marked as classified. The classified information also included facts about Iran, details about the U.S. breaking a code used by Iran's intelligence service. The Pentagon makes known that thousands of soldiers in units less than 90 days from deployments in Iraq or Afghanistan will be required to remain in the Army beyond the end of their service terms, for the duration of their units' deployment.

92. June 16, 2004 No credible evidence, that Iraq had cooperated with al Qaeda in staging the attacks. A report states, written by the staff of the independent 9/11 commission. Osama bin Laden had approached the Saddam Hussein regime, but he was rebuffed.

93. June 17, 2004 No Iraqi prisoner be held in secret for more than seven months, in violation of the Geneva Conventions, Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld concedes that he agreed with the CIA. President Bush challenges the 9/11 commission.

94. June 24, 2004 Federal prosecutors question President Bush about the information leak of undercover CIA operative Valerie Plame's identity to journalist Robert Novak.

95. June 28, 2004 Paul Bremer, the U.S administrator, transfers political authority in Iraq to an interim government two days ahead of schedule. John Negroponte, the new U.S. ambassador to Iraq, restored ties that were severed after Saddam Hussein's 1990 invasion of Kuwait. Suspected terrorists held by the U.S. as enemy combatants have the right to challenge their detentions in federal courts, the U.S. Supreme Court rules.

96. June 29, 2004 The Iraqi Interim Government makes statements about assuming legal custody of Hussein and others: Saddam Hussein and several other senior members of his government will be indicted on charges of crimes against humanity, genocide, and war crimes. The prisoners will remain in the physical custody of the U.S. until Iraq has a sufficient security infrastructure in place to hold them, says Iraqi Prime Minister Iyad Allawi. In the first key activation of the Individual Ready Reserve since the 1991 Gulf War, the Pentagon reveals plans to involuntarily recall over 5,000 retired soldiers and discharged soldiers to active duty for potential service in Iraq and Afghanistan.

97. October 14, 2004 There have been 1,227 coalition deaths, 1,088 Americans, 68 Britons, six Bulgarians, one Dane, two Dutch, one Estonian, one Hungarian, 19 Italians, one Latvian, 13 Poles, one Salvadoran, three Slovaks, 11 Spaniards, two Thai, nine Ukrainians and one soldier whose nationality has not been identified, in the war in Iraq as of October 14, 2004. At least 7,730 U.S. troops have been wounded in action, according to the Pentagon. The Pentagon does not report the number of non-hostile wounded.

98. A. 9-11 Lesson Additional Information Sheet:

Looking Back The First Persian Gulf War, Jan.-Feb., 1991, was an armed conflict between Iraq and a coalition of 32 nations including the United States, Britain, Egypt, France, and Saudi Arabia. The First Persian Gulf War was a result of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait on Aug.

2, 1990. Iraq then annexed Kuwait, which it had long claimed. Iraqi president Saddam Hussein declared that his invasion of Kuwait was a response to overproduction of oil in Kuwait, which had cost Iraq over $14 million when oil prices fell. Hussein also accused Kuwait of illegally pumping oil from Iraq's Rumaila oil field.

98. B. The Drug/Terrorist Connection:

"While organized crime is not a new phenomenon today, some governments find their authority besieged at home and their foreign policy interests imperiled abroad. Drug trafficking, links between drug traffickers and terrorists, smuggling of illegal aliens, massive financial and bank fraud, arms smuggling, potential involvement in the theft and sale of nuclear material, political intimidation, and corruption all constitute a poisonous brew—a mixture potentially as deadly as what we faced during the cold war." * R. James Woolsey Former Director of Central Intelligence and Transnational Threats Initiative Steering Committee Member Transnational Threats Initiative Center for Strategic and International Studies 1800 K Street, NW Washington, DC 20006 Global organized crime has grown into a terrorist group's best friend. By using organized crime and its international assess to money laundering organizations' terrorist group's use up-to-the-minute technology. Transnational Threats Update Volume 2 • Number 11 • August/September 2004 * Information about the Drug/Terrorist Connection was partly produced by the Transnational Threats Initiative at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS.) * The CSIS provides monthly news on terrorism, drug trafficking, organized crime, money laundering, and other transnational threats. The TNT update draws on several U.S. and international media sources, including Associated Press, Agence France Presse, Reuters, Xinhua News Agency, World Tribune, Afghan News, and others. * CSIS does not take specific public policy positions; accordingly, all views, positions, and conclusions in their publication should be understood to be solely by the authors.

98. C. In a speech to the Security Council, Negroponte said: "Trade in Afghan opiates generates funds that corrupt institutions, finance terrorism and insurgency, and destabilize the region. These funds also support the organized crime syndicates involved in the gray arms market. Moreover, the opium trade spreads drug abuse and HIV/AIDS across the region, including to Russia and Europe." June 2003, Negroponte says more resources needed in Afghanistan, U.S. Department of State International Information Programs. * Ambassador John D. Negroponte, United States Permanent Representative to the United Nations.

98. D. Terrorist Attacks Since 2001: "Afghanistan has become a collection of warlord-run fiefs fueled by a multibillion-dollar opium economy. We armed and financed warlord armies with records of drug-running and human rights abuses stretching back two decades. Then we blocked the expansion of an international security force meant to rein in the militias. These decisions were made for short-term battlefield gain - with disregard for the long-term implications for the mission there. Our Army continues to hunt insurgents in the mountains, but we have refused to take the steps necessary to secure the rest of the country, and it shows. More coalition and Afghan government soldiers and aid workers have died this year than in each of the previous two. This summer, 'Doctors Without Borders,' which has worked in the most desperate and dangerous conditions around the world, pulled out of Afghanistan after 24 years. In other words, the group felt safer in Afghanistan during the Soviet occupation and the civil war that followed than it did three years after the United States-led coalition toppled the Taliban. Last month, after a United Nations-backed voter registration office was bombed, the vice president of the United Nations Staff Union urged Secretary General Kofi Annan to pull employees out of Afghanistan. The opium trade is also out of control, fueling lawlessness and financing terrorists. Last year, the trade brought in $2.3 billion; this year, opium production is expected to increase 50 to 100 percent." * J. Alexander Thier was a legal adviser to Afghanistan's constitutional and judicial reform commissions. Thier is a fellow at the Hoover Institution and the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law at Stanford University. Researchers Alan B. Krueger of Princeton University and David Laitin of Stanford University reported in May: "The number of significant attacks represented a 36 percent increase over 2001, up from 124 that year. The only verifiable information in the annual reports indicates that the number of terrorist events has risen each year since 2001, and in 2003 reached its highest level in more than 20 years." * Alan B. Krueger is Bendheim Professor of Economics and Public Policy at Princeton University. David D. Laitin is Watkins Professor of Political Science at Stanford University. http://www.irs.princeton.edu/krueger/5_17_04.html

99. A. Osama bin Laden Osama bin Laden. Saudi-born, 1957. Osama bin Laden is the youngest son of a wealthy Yemeni-born businessman. Bin Laden's father was a construction magnate. Saudi government contracts to build roads went to the bin Laden family because of bonds to the Saudi royal family. Bin Laden graduated, 1979, from the King Abdul Aziz University, in Jidda. He trained as a civil engineer. At the age of twenty-two, bin Laden fought the Soviets in Afghanistan. Bin Laden aided in the instruction of non-Afghani Muslims to fight in the war. He also worked to fund the mujahidin. He played a role in the jihad holy war, 1987, against Israel. He worked to oust all Western influence in Islamic countries.

99. B. Osama bin Laden acted as the leader of a terrorist group: Al Qaeda. Bin Laden initiated Al Qaeda, 1988. Al Qaeda trained to create militant-Muslim followers and to unify all Muslims in a radical-Islamic state. Bin Laden went home to Saudi Arabia, his family's construction business, after the Soviet exit from Afghanistan. He turned his rage into hostility to the United States and the Saudi empire during the Persian Gulf War when U.S. troops were stationed, 1990, on Saudi soil. He started funding terrorist training sites as his fortune grew and his businesses advanced. In 1994, he went to the Sudan. The Saudis' revoked Osama bin Laden's Saudi citizenship. After the Afghanistan-Soviet War, Osama bin Laden learned that small counties could wage powerful offensives against superpowers. Muslims now regarded bin Laden as a champion, especially radical Muslims. Additionally, he now had waiting, to take his orders, an estimated three thousand followers. According to bin Laden's own words, one reason he hates America is that Americans side with Israel against Palestine. Apparently, bin Laden believes incorrectly that American-led sanctions caused more than one million Iraqi children to die. In 1993, American Marines received orders from President George Herbert Walker Bush to go to Somalia for a humanitarian rescue mission.

99.C. The Americans and American allies, by some accounts, had to fight bin Laden's followers. Bin Laden's followers, or partisans, and Somalian fighters used rocket launchers, AK-47's, Soviet RPG-7V's, and tactics learned from the Afghanistan-Soviet War. In Mogadishu, Somalia, October 3 and 4, 1993, an attack on U.S. military personnel from partisans, trained by al Qaeda, killed eighteen U.S. Army personnel:

Donovan L. Briley, Daniel D. Busch, James M. Cavaco, William D. Cleveland, Thomas J. Field, Earl Fillmore, Raymond Frank, Gary I. Gordon, James C. Joyce, Richard W. Kowalski, James Martin, Timothy Martin, Dominick M. Pilla, Matthew L. Rierson, Lorenzo M. Ruiz, Randall D. Shughart, James E. Smith, and Clifton Wolcott. Somalia turned into a new claim of victory for bin Laden. In the Somalia involvement, bin Laden worked under the misguided opinion that Americas only wanted to kill Muslim children and occupy Muslim land instead of help them.

99. D. A massive truck bomb exploded at the World Trade Center, New York, February 26, 1993: a terrorist strike, the first major international assault, on U. S. soil. More than a thousand suffered injury. Six people died. A chain of links led from the World Trade Center bombers to Osama bin Laden. Reportedly, bin Laden made remarks denying his presence in Somalia, denying exploding American bases in Saudi Arabia, denying the financing of the bombing of the World Trade Center, or the Clinton assassination plot. Osama bin Laden, purportedly, thought that those events and measures were all good ideas.

99. E. After 9/11, bin Laden, then in Afghanistan, reportedly operated from a cave prepared with high-tech communication equipment. Troops and mountains guarded his headquarters. Osama bin Laden remains free. Many believe that bin Laden lives secretly in Pakistan, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas on the Afghan border, perhaps South Waziristan. * Drawn from John Miller's description of his hour-long, May 1998, interview with Osama bin Laden. John Miller is a reporter for ABC. Miller's interview took place at bin Laden's camp in southern Afghanistan.

* The information in the 9/11 lesson profile was also drawn from Sharmeen Obaid, a Pakistani journalist, New York Times Television, FRONTLINE/World, PBS Television "On a Razor's Edge," and from encyclopedias, reports, and other media sources.

100. A. Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein, April 28, 1937. Hussein was born in a village next to the town of Tikrit. He came from a poor family. Until the age of ten, he was illiterate. He acted as a gunman, for the Ba'ath Party. Hussein was President of Iraq from 1979 to 2003. In 1959, Hussein took part in the attempted murder of Iraq’s dictator, Major General Abdel Karim Kassem. General Kassem ran Iraq. Arab unity held little interest to Kassem. Saddam Hussein proclaimed his belief in Arab unity. The West, the United States, and Britain stood against the Arab unification. The United States, Britain, and Saddam Hussein, at that point, were afraid of the possibility of a communist take-over of Iraq. Kassem had been regarded as faintly pro-communist; the Americans and Hussein were troubled about that possible danger. After Kassem's attempted murder, Hussein went to Cairo, in exile.

100. B. The U.S. participation in the coup against Kassem was extensive, in 1963, many believe. After the Ba'ath Party seized power and organized the Party giving it supremacy over the army, Hussein returned to Iraq. The link between the Americans and the Ba'ath Party gave the impression, then, of being strong. In 1968, Robert Anderson, the former secretary of treasury under Eisenhower, negotiate for the oil and sulpher rights for the U.S. Meeting secretly with the Ba'ath, Anderson and Party members agreed that when the Ba'ath Party took power, those concessions would go to the United States, according to Said K. Aburish, Saddam Hussein: the Politics of Revenge. Success soon came to the Ba'ath Party. Now, Saddam Hussein performed a key role in Iraqi affairs. The 'correction' movement began two weeks later after the Ba'ath took over power. The correction movement signified a purging of the non-Ba'aths. Saddam became renowned for his correction plans. In a stronger position, Hussein removed the pro-American elements from Iraq. Hussein was able to strengthen his position because of President Ahmed Bakr. President Ahmed Bakr was a Saddam family member, from Tikrit. Now, Saddam Hussein began to influence Iraqi policy.

100. C. Iraq and the Soviet Union, 1972, signed a friendship and cooperation treaty. Each desired the mutual aid of a formal alliance. The local Iraqi communist party, Saddam reasoned, was strong again; the Ba'ath Party had weakened. A treaty compelled cooperation with the communist. In the 1970s, the West looked for ways to obstruct the relationship between Russia and Saddam. In the 1980s, Iran's Khomeini caused the West to believe that Khomeini was more of an enemy than Hussein was. Therefore, the West renewed their assistance to Hussein. Saddam thought he won the Iran-Iraq war. He then controlled a million-man army and unconventional weapons. However, his treasury went bankrupt.

100.D. Hussein invaded Kuwait, 1991. Saddam Hussein disappeared. In the bottom of a hole found covered by bricks and dirt, Hussein tried to hide. The hole measured about 6 to 8 feet deep with just enough space for a person to lie down. Saddam Hussein will face war crime charges. Iraqis will try Hussein in Iraq.

* Drawn form MacNeil/Lehrer Productions, Online NewsHour Special Report, and from News Agency PBS Online and WGBH/FRONTLINE, wire reports, and other media sources.

URL: 9-11lesson.blogspot.com

9/11 Lesson, References and Resources:

Abukhalil, Asad, Bin Laden, Islam, and America's New War on Terrorism, Seven Stories Press, March 5, 2002.

Aburish, Said K., Saddam Hussein: The Politics of Revenge, Bloomsbury USA, December 1999.

Ajami, Fouad, The Dream Palace of the Arabs, Pantheon, 1998. Allen, Thomas B., and others.

War in the Gulf, Turner Publishing (CNN), 1991.

Atlas of the Middle East, National Geographic, 2003.

Badran, Margot and Miriam Cooke, editors, Opening the Gates: A Century of Arab Feminist Writing, Indiana University Press, September 1990.

Batatu, Hanna, The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq, Princeton University Press, 1978.

Bowden, Mark, Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War, Atlantic Monthly, March 1999.

Butler, Richard, The Greatest Threat: Iraq, Weapons of Mass Destruction and the Growing Crisis of Global Security, PublicAffairs, 2000.

Cockburn, Andrew and Patrick, Out of the Ashes, The Resurrection of Saddam Hussein, Perennial, March 2000.

Coughlin, Con., Saddam: King of Terror, Ecco, A London Daily, 2002.

Davidson, Lawrence, Islamic Fundamentalism: Greenwood Press Guides to Historic Events of the Twentieth Century, Greenwood Press (CT), April 30, 1998.

Fernea, Elizabeth Warnock, Guests of the Sheik: An Ethnography of an Iraqi Village, Anchor, reissue edition, June 1969.

Fromkin, David, A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East, Owl Books, 2001.

Gaddis, John Lewis, Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American National Security Policy, Oxford University Press, 1982.

Gunter, Michael M., The Kurds of Iraq, St. Martin's Press, 1992.

Hashim, Ahmed, "Iraq: Profile of a Nuclear Addict," Brown Journal of World Affairs, Winter/Spring 1997.

Irwin, Robert, Night and Horses and the Desert: An Anthology of Classical Arabic Literature, Anchor, January 2000.

Karsh, and Inari Rautsi, Saddam Hussein: A Political Biography, Grove, 2003.

Kay, David A., "Iraq: Beyond the Crisis du Jour," The Washington Quarterly, Summer 1998.

Kelly, J.B., Arabia, the Gulf & the West: A Critical View of the Arabs and Their Oil Policy, Basic Books, 1980.

Kristol, William and Lawrence F. Kaplan, War over Iraq: Saddam's Tyranny an America's Mission, Encounter Books, 1st edition, February 2003.

Lewis, Bernard, The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror, Modern Library, April 2003.

Lewis, Bernard, The Shaping of the Modern Middle East, Oxford University Press, Reprint edition, January 1994.

Mackey, Sandra, The Reckoning: Iraq and the Legacy of Saddam Hussein, W.W. Norton & Company, May 2002.

Mearsheimer, John J. and Stephen M. Walt, "An Unnecessary War," Foreign Policy magazine, January/February 2003.

Ottaway, Marina, Thomas Carothers, Amy Hawthorne, and Daniel Brumberg, "Democratic Mirage in the Middle East," Policy Brief #20, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Silverfarb, Daniel, Britain's Informal Empire in the Middle East: A Case Study of Iraq 1929-1941, Oxford, 1986.

Solomon, Norman, Reese Erlich, Howard Zinn (Introduction), and Sean Penn, Target Iraq: What The News Media Didn't Tell You, Context Books, January 2003.

Spuler, Berthold, The Age of the Caliphs, 1969. Their, Alexander J., Jarat Chopra, and Jim McCallum,"Planning Considerations for International Involvement in Post-Taliban Afghanistan," Brown Journal of World Affairs, Winter 2002. _____ in Donini et al, ed., "The Politics of Peacebuilding," Nation-Building Unraveled: Aid, Peace, and Justice in Afghanistan, Kumerian, 2003. _____"Reconstructing War-Torn Societies: Afghanistan," Third World Quarterly Series, Palgrave, 2004. _____ "Attacking Democracy from the Bench," Opinion, New York Times, January 26, 2004.

URL: 9-11 lesson.blogspot.com

9/11 Lesson, Links:

http://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/veterans/index.html

http://www.9-11commission.gov/

http://www.pbs.org/newshour/terrorism/sept11/victims/wtc.html

http://www.pbs.org/newshour/terrorism/sept11/victims/aa77.html

http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2003/iraq/forces/casualties

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/world/iraq/casualties/facesofthefallen.htm

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/target/

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/terrorism/

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/trail/

http://www.pbs.org/search/redir/

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/ pages/frontline/shows/drugs/symposium/panel4.html

http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/gulf/

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/09/0925_TVkoran.html

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saudi/

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/10/1009_afghanfacts.html

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/network/

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/10/1016_afghancaves.html

http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/military/july-dec98/binladen_8-20.html

http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/journals.htm

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/09/0927_imampart1.html

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/09/0927_imampart2.html

http://www.un.org/terrorism/

http://www.pbs.org/muhammad/

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ambush/

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/03/0330_040330_peltoninterview.html

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/02/0215_020215_peltoninterview.html

http://www.csis.org/hill/ts001213cilluffo.html

http://americanhistory.si.edu/september11/

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/11/1119_afghanreporter.html

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/syndrome/

http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0827559.html

http://usinfo.state.gov/about/sitesrch.htm

http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/dpko/index.asp

http://www.csis.org/burke/saudi21/index.htm#reports http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/docnews.html

http://www.foreignpolicy.com/resources/search. php?search=Iraq&search_type=search_all&advanced=1&search_scope=story&sort_type=relevance&submit=Search

http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/12/14/sprj.irq.saddam.profile/index.html

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http://www.archives.gov/digital_classroom/constitution_community.html

http://www.crf-usa.org/

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http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/

http://www.idealist.org/kt/

http://www.indiana.edu/~league/index.htm

http://www.nationalpriorities.org/

http://www.vote-smart.org/

http://www.usip.org/ed/index.html

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/carter/peopleevents/e_hostage.html

http://www.cartercenter.org/default.asp?bFlash=True

http://www.justicelearning.org/

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http://www.aam-us.org/mcaf/

http://www.h-net.org/teaching/journals/sept11/

http://www.scholastic.com/

http://www.time.com/time/covers/1101020909/index.html

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/09/0914_disasterhelp.html

http://www.dosomething.org/

http://www.nationmaster.com/index.php

http://www.gapminder.org/

9/11 Lesson, Grade Level: Middle School, High School, Adult.

9-11-9-11-9-11-9-1-19-1-9-11-9-11-9-11-9-11-9-1-19-1-9-119-11-9-11-9-11 9-11-9-11-9-11-9-1-19-1-9-11-9-11-9-11-9-11-9-1-19-1-9-119-11-9-11-9-11 9-11-9-11-9-11-9-1-19-1-9-11-9-11-9-11-9-11-9-1-19-1-9-119-11-9-11-9-1

Written and researched by Jean K. Bruce

1 _____ The University of Texas at Tyler Associate Dean and Professor College of Education and Psychology Phone: (903) 566-7048 wbruce@uttyler.edu Professor Bruce Inquiry Blog Pay Teachers More Blog Fax: (903) 566-7036 Research Academy From the The University of Texas at Tyler Intercom Online Office of News and Information January 10, 2005 The University of Texas at Tyler Intercom Online, Are you ready for help with your discrepant event inquiry lessons? Read the Bruces' textbooks: Mindtronics! and Inquiry Alive! Recommended books by William C. Bruce and Jean K. Bruce Great Resource Links * First five links are teacher Super Sleuth Links The Sherlock Sleuth Discrepant Event Inquiry DiaryNotes to Discrepant Event Super Sleuth Teachers "The game's afoot!"Teacher Links "The game's afoot!"Teacher Links 2 "The game's afoot!"Super Sleuth AwardDiscrepant Event: The Samurai CrabQuick Discrepant Event: Guns, Germs, and Steel Discrepant Event: Life on Earth and MarsDiscrepant Event: The Titanic Fishing BoatsDiscrepant Event about oil prices: Crude Pulse Discrepant Event about oil prices/Extra links: Crude PulseDiscrepant Event: Mad CowDiscrepant Event Extra Links: Mad Cow Discrepant Event: Immigration

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